Technology: A User Friendly for Students

Technology has transformed the society leaving spate with no choice provided to conform to the constant innovations and catch to hope on what the engine room has to offer. The advent of the twenty first century has foregone to a lot of discoveries and innovations that require the people to increase the living standards in a society that is rapidly and constantly changing. Today, applied science is even requiring a higher quality of education (Clark, Sanders, & Stammen, 1997).Apparently, the existence of applied science gives people unmeasured benefits to limit lives more convenient. Students nowadays have been fortunate for having an advanced technology to be used for education purposes. Even though the society blames technology for the way it molds the fresh generation through the gadgets and modes of communication that give them independence, the advantages that these young people acquire from technology are evident.Technology helps the students to communicate well and flat get and receive information they needed for their studies. Moreover, technology makes easy proceeding of the students inside and outside the schools. On the other hand, the idea of bringing technology outside the classrooms can be frightening because students always tend to fancy only at the benefits and convenience that it gives to the users. However, this may also open some other opportunity to the young generation in attaining the real picture of the technical world.Technology does not always bring negative impacts because the students still benefit from the newly-innovated products in the society. The online libraries, internet messaging, and word processing are just few of the benefits that students learn and enjoy through the use of technology. Proper teaching of faculty just about the right usage and limited exposure of students to technological gadgets can make technology user prosperous and practiced for the young adults. Apparently, the extent of beneficial relat ionship between technology and users does not depend on how legion(predicate) gadgets a student has and how much he or she knows using them but having enough knowledge about technology and how to use them in neat ways can serve as the measurement of how these gadgets become friendly to its users.ReferenceClark, V. L. Sanders, G. F. & Stammen, R. M. (1997). Building a User Friendly Environment The Challenge of Tecnology in Higher Education. Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http//www.kon.org/archives/forum/11-1/clark.html

Bullying in Schools: Terrorism or Child’s Play Essay

Whether you call it harassment, intimidation, or intimidation, this carcass of violence affects many naturalise children each day as they picture their classrooms. determent is defined as having three essential components (1) aggressive demeanour that involves unwanted negative actions (2) a pattern of behavior repeated all over time and (3) an imbalance of power or strength (Olweus, nd). Bullying is non a new phenomenon in civilises. It has been prevalent for decades, but the recent reports of felo-de-se amongst bullied children, as well as discipline shootings as pay rearward for the torment, is rising in alarming rates. Physical taunting, such as bang and spitting, along with verbal name calling and malicious threats, turn trail environments into a climate of fear and terror for these children.Psychologically, children ar affected when they atomic number 18 socially excluded, have vicious rumors spread about them or be humiliated everyday (Ericson, 2001). The im pacts of bullying follow these children into adulthood, leading to depression, mental wellness results and physical problems that affect the healthcare system. Programs that recognize, intervene, and prevent bullying moldinessiness be implemented in in reachs to prevent the long-term health issues that will cram in coming years. As a community, a clear centre must be sent to ensure that bullying will non be tolerated in schools, consequences will be executed for those defying the programs and that a safe, seek free environment will be provided for all children. The former learning ability of kids will be kids will no longer be tolerated.Types of BullyingBullying give notice be seen in a variety of behaviors. Dan Olweus, a pioneer in the study of bullying and the author of The Olweus Bullying measure Program (Olweus, nd), defines various types of bullying that affect the health and welfare of school-age children. The nightspot most prominent are1. Verbal bullying including derogatory comments and risky names2.Bullying by dint of social isolation3. Physical bullying such as hitting, kicking, shoving or spitting4. Bullying through lies and foolish rumors5. Having money taken or things damaged by students who bully6. be threatened or forced to do things by students who bully 7. racial bullying8. Sexual bullying9. Cyber bullying including cell phones and Internet (Olweus, nd). concord to the U.S. Department of jurist, a report by the National Institute of kid Health and Human Development (NICHD) found that 17 percent of surveyed children responded to having been bullied by others sometimes or weekly, 19 percent had bullied others sometimes or weekly, and 6 percent had both bullied others and were bullied themselves. The survey, the first nationwide research on bullying in the United States, questioned 15,686 public and private school students in grades half a dozen through ten. Through this research, it was found that 1.6 million children were bulli ed at least erst a week and 1.7 million children bully others dear as ofttimes (Ericson, 2001).Effects of BullyingThe American Medical Association recognizes bullying as a public health problem that leads its victims to suffer from healthcare issues. Forums are held by researchers and healthcare professionals to combat the effects and problems associated with bullying. Among the hindrances identified by researchers and undergo by those who are bullied are headaches, sleep problems, stomach troubles, low self-esteem, depression, loneliness, and thoughts of self-destruction (Fleming & Towey, 2002).Researchers have found that as many as 160,000 students stay scale from school on any given day for fear of cosmos bullied (Fleming & Towey, 2002). Students have a right to feel safe in school and receive the stress free education they deserve. The AMA recognizes that bullying is not just an educational problem or strictly a problem to be addressed by schools and parents. It is understo od that this is a healthcare issue that must also be taught to be recognized in medical and treat schools alike (Fleming & Towey, 2002).Regulatory IssuesCurrently forty-five democracys have anti-bullying laws. The state of southerly Carolina adopted anti-bullying legislation in 2006. Current legislation mandates each school district to adopt a policy prohibiting harassment, intimidation, or bullying at school. The school district must involve parents and guardians, school employees, volunteers, students, administrators, and community representatives in the process of creating the policy (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2009).Most states have capable laws that reflect what bullying is, how it affects the victim and what school districts must do to diminish the harassment. While this anti-bullying legislation looks perfect on paper, what many school districts overleap is enforcement of these regulations within their schools. In January 2010, 15 year old Phoebe Prince from southerly Hadley, Massachusetts, hanged herself after being harassed and bullied for months from students at her high school. School officials failed to deterrent it, even though the bullying was common knowledge for months. Phoebes mother twice complained to school staffers, and some bullying was witnessed by teachers (Hampson, 2010).Goals and Recommended SolutionsThe culture is not only to design effective school policy on bullying but to make it crucial to implement and impose its content. A zero-tolerance disciplinary policy must be adopted which would enforce expulsions for fighting, bullying, and lashing behaviors (Almond, 2008). Evaluating the policys effectiveness to assess the safety and security of the school and identify actions that can make improvements can be accomplished through student and parent surveys. Reports of bullying from victims and teachers will heighten community consciousness and will determine whether changes in policy or law must be in itiated. It is also necessary to have everyone on the local direct involved.Not only school officials and educators, but janitors, lunchroom workers, school nurses, and parents must be willing to make bullying education part of the school class and eager to contribute to the programs. Keeping abreast of current anti-bullying information is essential. net sites like www.bullyinginfo.org and www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov provide current data and resources associated with bullying (Rudolph, 2010).In October 2010, the sulfur CarolinaAssociation of School Administrators (SCASA) initiated the Bullying Prevention Initiative through a federal grant (Long, 2010). They are selecting four pilot schools in the state to execute the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is known to decrease bullying by 25 to 50 percent if properly instituted. The training is not mandated by state law and costs about $2000 dollars per elementary school (Long, 2010). some school officials are hesitant to be gin the program because of the cost, but how can we put a price on the safety and health of children? completionTo allow bullying to take place in any school is a travesty. The devastating effects may impact children for their entire lives. health care providers, educators, local government, and parents must work together to bring this healthcare issue to a halt. Enforcement of policies must be taken seriously and consequences enforced. This problem affects thousands of students daily and can no longer be tolerated. Suicide and health implications do not occur from childs play. Bullying is a form of terrorism, and those who oppress and torment others must be disciplined for their actions.ReferencesAlmond, L. (2008). School Violence. (pp 19). Farmington Hills, MI Greenhaven Press. Ericson, N. (2001). Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (Vol. 27). Washington, DC Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Fleming,M and Towey, K,( Eds.) (2002). Educational Forum on Adolescent Health young Bullying. Chicago American Medical Association. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/39/youthbullying.pdf Hampson, R. (2010, April 4). A Watershed Case in School Bullying. USA Today. Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/ watchword/nation/2010-04-04-bullying_N.htm Kaiser, C. (2009, May 29). Call bullying what it is terrorizing. Philadelphia Health Care Examiner. Retrieved from http//www.examiner.com/health-care-in-philadelphia/call-bullying-what-it-is-terrorizing?r Long, M. (2010, October 26). Educators introduce new

Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s setting. Essay

1.1Describe the duties and responsibilities of your own work role. The daytime to day care and care of children aged 3months to a 1year. Planning and implementing with the staff team activities and resources to provide a rich accomplishment environment. To be a key person I am responsible for a small group of around 6-8 children, observant and recording their acquirement and development. This gets taking pictures for their learning journals and commenting on their day to day activities. We likewise observe their current development to ensure they are at the right stage for their age in terms of speech & language.It also involves building a positive and supportive partnership with their leavens/carers and families, respecting and valuing their cultures and beliefs. We aim to involve parents with all aspects of their childs journey at Nursery including update their individual learning plans termly. As a key worker I am heavily involved in this process, encouraging children to ac hieve their learning goals and to ensure I am up to date with all policies and procedures such(prenominal) as safeguarding, health and safety, the welfare requirements, manual handling, etc.1.2Explain expectations more or less own work role as expressed in pertinent standards. Practitioners expectations should be to become a valuable practitioner, to be reliable and build good relationships with children and parent carers, encouraging play whilst learning, and by having childrens best interests e.g. physical activities, outings, this would help them to enjoy their growth in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development as a whole. overly practitioners should work as a team with other staff members and parent/carers in order to support the children to promote the childrens initial learning so that the children will feel confident and would be able cost increase up their self-esteem, and this will also help them in their future, and prepare them in further education when they move onto school.Also the expectations that are to be through in placement at a relevant standard is to wangle the children this plays a big role in child protection doing andhealth and policy. Practitioners should always watch the children closely to prevent and reduce the inclemency of injury to children. Children often challenge their own abilities but are non always able to recognise the risks involved. Practitioners need to supervise children and identify each risks and minimise injury.

Dental hygienist Essay

The transition I read is called I have eventually found what I wanted to be when I grew up. It is a personal success narrative ab away Shelia S. Websters pilgrimage to sledding a registered nurse. This transition is genuinely relatable to what I want to be when I grow up because I would wish to go a pediatric Nurse. Bing a Pediatric Nurse means that you devote your learning and accomplishments to caring for kids from babyhood to late adolescent old ages. and their households. In this transition Shelia writes close to how much work and clip it took for her to go a nurse.Shelia foremost started in the medical field as a labour and legal transfer staff nurse in 1993. but a few constituents of this product line rapidly had Shelia 2nd thinking her handicraft ( Webster ) . One factor that make her strain less appealing was the emphasis of workings in a proud hazard environment ( Webster ) . The 2nd factor was the late hours. among work and schooldays she barely had any cl ip to herself ( Webster ) . The 3rd factor that made Shelia want to alter her calling was the restricting attention she could summate in her installation ( Webster ) .All of that emphasis was doing her range her breakage meridian ( Webster ) . While still in school. her first measure to her calling was subscribing up for the legal nurse consulting seminar and before the semester was over she knew that nursing was the occupation for her ( Webster ) . She was go forth to make anything to under regaining herself into the nursing excogitate. to accomplish this she became a claims analyst at a malpractice insurance bearer ( Webster ) . She was deter exploitd to larn every dapple much as she could at the insurance company and put up an independent LNC ( Legal Nursing Consulting ) pattern in about both old ages ( Webster ) .Her 2nd measure was to take a pilot trial. and it was an oculus opener for her ( Webster ) . The pilot trial is like a pre-test to assist Shelia acquire an app rehension of what the cobblers last-place test will be like. Reality crop in fast and she was determined to make the best she could on the concluding test. When it was clip for her to take the Legal Nursing Consulting test she did non waver to deliver her strengths. She was prepared for the test due to the pattern she got from the pilot trial. and was wholly convinced(p) in herself ( Webster ) .In 1998 she got her Legal Nursing Consulting licence and said I am really proud to hold those initials in forepart of my last name for the outrideder of my vivification. ( Webster ) There are a few thousand why Shelias narrative relates to my life. When I started my junior twelvemonth of high school I went to the calling centre for dental assisting. I was anticipating to go to inscribe into Columbus State Community College. acquire a study in Dental Hygiene. and so acquire my Dental Hygienist licence in two old ages.However. after the last two old ages of existence in the Dental Ass isting plan. like Shelia. I knew I did non desire to be what I thought I wanted to be. I am change of location in a new way. to major in nursing. One make is. since I was immature I ever took excess concern for tribes well- universe and would wish to do a calling out of it. I would besides wish to spread out my nursing and go a Pediatrician. The 2nd ground why Shelias narrative is relatable to mine is that I am great with small childs and I think that being a Baby doctor would be a good calling for me. At 19 old ages old. looking for a topographic point to get down my calling. I applied at the local sidereal day care called Bloom Latch Key. It is a forenoon and afternoon plan for grade school kids to come to if they are excessively immature to remain place by themselves to wait for the coach. or for the coach to drop them polish off at their houses. Finally. the 3rd ground why Shelias narrative is relatable to my life is because I am acquiring a occupation as a kid attention s upplier to acquire my calling started like Shelia worked as a labour and bringing staff member while traveling to school to go a nurse. While I am working for the Bloom Latch Key. I am fostering my communicating accomplishments with kids and going more sociable with them by assisting them with their prep and interacting with them on the resort area.To go a Pediatric Nurse I will necessitate an purposeless four to six old ages of schooling and take preparation categories end-to-end my calling. For illustration research workers find new diseases every twenty-four hours. so to maintain the parents up to day of the month with the proper cognition nurses take extra categories to larn about the freshly founded diseases.Once I drop dead a Pediatric nurse I will be doing about 48. 000 dollars salary as a starting motor and work my bearing up to 68. 000 dollars a twelvemonth. Similar to Shelia. I am working really hard to accomplish my end in life. to go a Pediatric Nurse. I will make s o by go oning my occupation at the Bloom Latch Key and constructing societal accomplishments with the kids. I will besides go on to work hard in school and do whatever it takes to go a Pediatric Nurse.Work Cited personalized advantage Stories American Association of Legal Nurse Advisers( AALNC ) . Personal Success Stories American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants ( AALNC ) . N. p. . n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

Macroeconomics vs. Microeconomics Essay

hese are two branches or rather methods of exposition of the information of economics. The distinction between them can best be explained by canvass their main features. As the terms suggest, macroeconomics deals with the market on a big and its aggregate problems, while microeconomics concerns markets on a small-scale and individual aspects of the problems. on that point are six distinct aspects of the two approaches that are shown as in the following table smalleconomicsMacroeconomics (a) Units of the study Individual consumers, producers workers, traders, etc. Aggregate units such(prenominal) as state National or International economy. (b) Activities Optimization and maximization of personal gains and profits. Long term growth, maintenance of high levels of production and employment. (c) line Micro activities emerge on the demand side of consumers choices. Problems of long-term growth depend upon the supply of productive resources (d) ConditionsThis approach is functional on a lower floor static conditions and small time intervals. This approach is functional under propellant conditions and complex long run changes. (e) Methods It is concerned with small adjustments, for which the application of a marginal method is suitable. It deals with complex, dynamic changes inviting the use of advanced mathematical techniques. (f) Levels Micro adjustments in resource A allocation are made in response to changes in relative prices of goods and services.The aggregate level of income or rack up economic activities is considered to be constant quantity. Macro approach attempts to find the conditions of long-term expansions in output as a whole, assuming relative prices as constant (or significant). This distinction between micro and macroeconomics as presented above is only a matter of theoretical convenience. The two approaches are complementary and not hawkish one cannot consider these to be watertight compartments

Automobile Brake-by-Wire Essay

This paper was prep ard for Braking Systems, taught by Professor Kelley Automobiles pull in changed considerably since Henry Ford first produced economical vehicles rapidly. He was the maven to start the Ford Motor Company. Ford vehicles, as more former(a) vehicle companies confuse completelyowed people to think in a contrary way as to how we travel from point A to point B in a resourceful manner. Todays vehicle owners emotional state having sweet features and advanced technology in our vehicles atomic number 18 considered a luxury.When a device driver is behind the wheel, they feel in control of where they are release and when they want to close up. But when it comes to having new-made equipment in our vehicles, we want to know how it any works. We know when we want to stop either for stop signs or preventing an stroking with a person or an object. The driver is always thinking of when they whitethorn need to pasture brake and how to react when the braking happens. A mericas popular cars are continuously evolving.Many engineers who are currently working on producing and conception vehicle models are bringing new features that go out appear kind of than later. Since the person at the wheel allow foring not have the position to brake when they feel necessary, placement of these new digital technologies is a outstanding change for drivers. Drivers leave behind need to understand functions of the new digital technologies that are being installed in their vehicles. They also must be aware of the changes that impart affect them.Engineers who are working in the auto industry have liked the new brake-by- fit out technology idea and some vehicles such as Ford, GMAC, and BMW have introduced this digital feature in their most recent models. A vehicle defined by wire is referred to when one or more(prenominal) of the primary vehicle agreements operate with electronic controls instead of a handed-down mechanical linkage. Companies are experimenti ng with this feature and studying the benefits from changing our current brake system to digital brakes for our afterlife vehicles.As this is being through I really hope these engineers and companies are researching this new technology so that accidents can be prevented and eliminated. I personally am excited nigh the digital technology that vehicles are equipped with. The pressure of driving will be taken off the driver tremendously. This new system will allow the driver to be more engaged in the sport process with the passengers. Looking at the scenery or messing with the radio are luxuries that the driver really doesnt have.With this new technology the driver will not have to worry about when to brake or how to stop the vehicle. I assume that the tiny digital deterrent that is installed to operate this system will do its job accurate and correctly. I assume that the driver will nevertheless have the responsibility to maneuver and adjust the pep pill of the vehicle. On the o ther hand, this theory is very concerning to me, we as drivers feel snug when we have control over when and how we stop. Too many gestures rise in my mind, when technology is responsible for doing the work.Again, when I press on the brakes I do not like the idea of a chip having all the control of stopping my vehicle. Although we are not fully aware of this new system yet, I feel that in the long run this new system will only work problems. I imagine that there will be more accidents occurring due to the idea of a chip stopping the vehicle will wear out or perchance just simply fail. I also feel that with this new technology, conjunction will have a different outlook on driving.My question is, will more accidents occur due to the possible wear and misery of the chip responsible for stopping. Not only will this system create problems for our future only Im sure it will only get more expensive. I as well as many other drivers can barely afford to buy a simple-minded vehicle, let alone an expensive high tech vehicle. Any scientific advancement that appears in our lives will change our way of living and thinking. This will have a big impact on consumers. The by wire systems will benefit drivers to have the brake by wire installed in our vehicles in the next 10 years.It may not be utmost off from now when vehicles will have the brake by wire, but in the meantime we will depend on the development and verity for the brake by wire to work effectively. Of course we must make it money for these high tech vehicles because Im sure future vehicles involving these elaborate systems will only continue to be more costly. References Fantanelle, Anthony. Brake-By-Wire Promises to be the Brake System of the Future. ArticleBase. http//www. articlesbase. com/automotive-articles/brakebywire-promises-to-be-the-brake-system-of-the-future-113122. html. , March 06, 2007. August 29, 2013.

On the Ethics of Psychological Research Essay

Potter Stewart an associate judge of the United States supreme court once utter that Ethics is astute the difference between what you imbibe a regular(a) off to do and what is right to do. He believed in doing things pragmatic all in ally instead of impractically and it made him more(prenominal) recognized for his realistic approach to his job. Ethics in life atomic number 18 very heavy in setting standards of morality and integrity, especially since ethical motive show the principles and values that one uses to govern their actions. Ethics in psychological science are very similar to the moral philosophy we follow on a day to day basis. The moral philosophy in psychology often furbish up to how race are treated when put in essays in score to complete theories and concepts that are psychology based. When psychology query began many experiments began as well, to test the many beginning theories that came roughly when psychology was introduced to researchers. The Amer ican psychological Association now has a mandate of ethics for psychology research due to the fact that many psychologists in the past have go against the preventive, belief systems, needs, values, and the overall comfortion of their participants. The code of ethics that has been put in place by the APA holds all psychologists to the same set of standards and provides a signpost in an essay to ensure professionalism and gaze for all involved and sometimes this doesnt occur.The APA published the first ethics code in 1953 that equals about a 16 page document today, scarce in 1953 it seemed so much larger back then. The reason that the ethics code was pen is because ethics in research of psychologists began to be questioned by society for their base hit and effectiveness. The research studies that were performed in the past often became public scandals and compromised the principle of research. spare-time activity the code of ethics is very principal(prenominal) in research . The five reasons to amaze to the code of ethics is to promote the intent of research, promote a base normality that helps when researchers collaborate, to ensure the liability of the experimenter, to gain more support from the ordinary population, and to promote morality and obligation (Resnik). The overall incentive for the code of ethics according to Resnik is to constantly advocate for effective research succession in addition world consensual. These ethics placed mustiness be followed just to apply the respects of the rights of research participants, the reputation of psychology, and the dignity of research principles. Another place of ethics in research is for the safety of the people involved in the experiment, and the notoriety of psychologists in society. Committees of research must have a code of ethics that discuss the guidelines made by the APA and the personal ethics for the experiment. about of the most important codes are informed consent, debrief, certifi cate of participants, deception, confidentiality, and ability to withdraw. (Mcleod). accord to the research done by Mcleod, the APA is using the code of ethics to protect their name and the reputation they have built, a so to maintain a stability of trust with their experimenters and participants.There were many unethical procedures after 1953 even though those guidelines had been set. Some of the experiments were very traumatic to patients and almost risked their lives, or could have died or killed each other. One of the many most known unethical experiments that occurred was the Stanford Prison Experiment. This experiment was conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1971, and the propose of the experiment was to attempt to ascertain the development of power norms in society and specifically the effectuate of single-valued functions, labels, and social expectations in a prison environment. Twenty four students were elect out of 75, half were assigned roles of prisoner and half were ass igned the role of guard. In the experiment Zimbardomade it very realistic for the prisoners, having cops come and fascinate them, having rules that they had to follow, but gave the guards no prior training. The end result of the experiment being guards who became consumed in power and behaved in a brutalizing way, and prisoners who became submissive and cowering (Mcleod). While Zimbardo didnt actually go against any ethical codes while outlining his experiment and he got the experiment approved before conducting it, some believed that his place as the conductor of the experiment was to stop the simulation from getting too abusive which it did, but he didnt stop it because he was trying to maintain the naturalism of the experiment, and in the end he felt as though he did what was best for the sake of research. Regardless(prenominal) of this, Zimbardo did go against the ethics code in multiple ways like the fact that the experiment was unpredictable, the guards were drunk, and no t ravel were taken to avoid harm of his volunteers. He failed to understand that participants are people and should their dignity should be maintained because respect in research refers to respect for people and respect for truth (Yousef). Zimbardos experiment was evaluated by the APA, where they said that all ethical guidelines were followed. The overall unethicality of the experiment left the participants with long-term scarring mentally and physically, and this is just another reason why ethics are important in research.Ethics are maintained to provide structure in experiments to promote effective decision making, while also being cognisant of the benefits and risks of the experiment. In experiments conducted previous to the release of the code of ethics, often times on that point was a lack of informed consent, pressure on volunteers, risk of safety of participants, deception, and even violation of natural born rights. The whole overall purpose of ethics is to help researchers grapple with theethical dilemmas they are likely to risk by introducing them to important concepts, tools, principles, and methods that can be useful in resolving these dilemmas (Resnik). There are five general principles of ethics, which are informed consent, debrief, protection of participants, deception, and ability to withdraw. When it comes to informed consent participants must distinctively say yes and contribute permission to the researcher to be involved in the experiment. The researcher must outline the details of the experiment like the purpose, the possible risks, procedures involved if there are any and many other things. Debriefing is very important in research because its where the participants gets to sit down with the research and understand the research, clear up misconceptions and to make sure the participants yields with the same sense of intuition they arrived with. Along with this goes deception, and participants should not be mislead about the research and though some deception may occur, researchers must attempt to keep it at a minimum. The main thing researchers should be aware of is the protection of their subjects, and participants should not be subject to more harm than they would experience in occasional life. The very last thing is the ability for a participant to leave the experiment whenever they feel like they are in danger or in a extremely uncomfortable situation. These codes of ethics have sincerely made research more controlled and prevent negligence and misconduct. The basics to commemorate about ethics is that research done by psychologists should meet the criteria for ethics before the experiment is conducted. Subjects should be informed about the dangers and basics of the experiment and provide authorization.Psychologists do many experiments just because they are unethical and it all starts with what they believe and consider to be right and wrong, and sometimes the extreme amour in personal research make the re search seem less dangerous than it is. Scientist deals with many controversial topics and often stray away from norms and rules to come along their theories and strengthen their ideas and beliefs. Our natural instinct often goes against what we think and the code of ethics is put in place to mandates the things that researchers are able to do while conducting an experiment.

Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Humankind has dropd sense- or mood- altering do do medicinesss at to the lowest degree since the beginning of recorded history and perhaps before ( mettle). As fourth dimension as well as engineering progressed, so did the use and curse of drugs and alcoholic beverage. The invention of the railcar increase the dangers of the misuse and use of these drugs. Each class in the United States and Canada, alcohol curse is the cause of 100,000 deaths. alcohol is excessively the drug that children ages 12 to 17 close to commonly maltreat. Teenagers become pensioncapable to obtain their drivers license during these years, alcohol profane is the leading cause of puerile deaths.People who wickedness alcohol atomic number 18 more than(prenominal) likely to abuse other(a) drugs as well. Drug abuse includes the use of il sub judice drugs much(prenominal) as marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, heroin, or other street drugsand the abuse of legal prescription and over-the-c ounter(prenominal) drugs( intoxicant). When an individual is to a lower place the submit of alcohol and/or drugs, thither mind is in an altered state. Because of this, operation of an automobile can be in truth dangerous to anyone around. The abuser is alike more likely to be convoluted in a violent broil or stomach health check complications when under the influence.Because of these issues, it is very important that in that respect be laws once morest alcohol and drug abuse. It is likewise very important to establish consequences for breaking those laws. The National passageway Traffic Safety Administration develop a method of find out if the operator of a motor vehicle is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The running play they developed is known as the Standardized study sombreness analyse. The Standardized sphere Sobriety Test (SFST) is a battery of third tests administered and evaluated in a radicalardized agency to obtain validated indicators of wron g and establish probable cause for encumbrance (Standardized).The test includes the Horizontal survey Nystagmus which consists of the individual looking view to side while the officer ob gos the jerks of the eye. there is also a walk and turn exercise and a stand on one leg exercise. When this test is conducted properly, it can determine at heart 91% accuracy if the individual is under the influence. As we altogether know, drug and alcohol abuse has become a big problem among all social classes. When alcohol and drug abuse occurs among celebrities, it is publicized on the deny of every gossip magazine and public lecture station.These individuals ar not doing anything incompatible than your average every solar day American, just their lives argon made public so that everyone can criticize and talk close them. An example of a renown who has had their personal life publicized is Lindsay lohan. I watched a television shew yesterday about her legal troubles. Lindsay Lohan, who has been in various movies and commercials since she was a toddler, has had a long battle with alcohol and drug abuse. In 2005, she was charged with irreverence DUI and released from cast out the same day.She has attempted a variety of rehab facilities including six weeks at Promises Rehab. Lohan was stopped and charged again in July of 2005 for DUI. This time she was arrested and searched. faithfulness enforcement found a small union of Cocaine in her bullheadedness therefore she was also booked for narcotics charges and also driving with a hang license. She was released from jail after posting a 25,000 bail. After this arrest, she attempted insofar another rehab facility. When she re dark for court, she pled guilty to 2 DUI charges. As a part of a plea deal, she was released from the other charges.She was sentenced to 1 day in jail, 10 long time of community service, and 36 months probation. She was also lucid to complete a drug facility center. In November, she repo rted to serving her day in jail and was released after 84 minutes overdue to overcrowding. Lohans bail was revoked in 2010 because she failed to present for a probation hearing. A warrant was also issued for her arrest, neertheless then revoked when she be her bond. Two years later, she returned to court and it was intractable that she violated her bond by missing several alcohol preparation classes.She was sentenced to 90 days in jail of which she served 14 days, and 90 days of lockdown rehab of which she served about three weeks. (The E Hollywood Story). Although it was portrayed as if Lohan was attached a decreased sentence time because she is a repute, but in my opinion, she was not. When everything someone does is publicized, as it is with celebrities, it is easy for us to say they were stipulation a reduced sentence, but in actuality, many people convicted of crimes are given reduced sentences or none at all.I do entrust that if you have more specie to pay fine s, then you are more likely to not serve time, but you do not have to be a celebrity to pay your way out of trouble. umpteen people charged with DUI never do any time because they are able to pay fines or hire a lawyer to register them simple when they are not. I have a friend who was pulled for pretend DUI. She was given a field sobriety test of which she failed. She was then given a breathalyzer and it was inflexible to be three times the legal limit. She was arrested for DUI, and then released the next day.She was able to hire a lawyer to follow-up all the paperwork and videos the officer had turned in. It was clear she was guilty, but the officer did not do everything just right, so her case was dismissed. This shows that our justice system is flawed. When there are no consequences for your actions, you bear upon to do those things that could deterioration others. I opine that sentencing for total abuse should be a federal law. There are too many innocent individuals w ho are killed because someone is a substance abuser. I also look at that community service should not be a part of sentencing and programs such as PTI should not be available.I turn over that driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol puts others at an increased risk of bodily harm and should be a crime that carries a jail time sentence. If remember that if you recognize to drink and drive, then you choose to do the timeREFERENCES Alcohol and Drug Problems. Jan Nisel. October 27, 2010http//www. peacehealth. org/KBASE/topic/symptom/alcpb/overview. htm Substance Abuse Counseling possibleness and Practice by Patricia Stevens and Robert L. Smith summon 4 Standardized Field Sobriety Testing http//www. nhtsa. gov/people/ detriment/alcohol/SFST/appendix_a. htm The E Hollywood Story aired October 2010Drug and Alcohol AbuseHumankind has used mind- or mood- altering drugs at least since the beginning of recorded history and maybe before (Substance). As time as well as technology pr ogressed, so did the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol. The invention of the automobile increased the dangers of the abuse and use of these drugs. Each year in the United States and Canada, alcohol abuse is the cause of 100,000 deaths. Alcohol is also the drug that children ages 12 to 17 most commonly abuse. Teenagers become eligible to obtain their drivers license during these years, alcohol abuse is the leading cause of teenage deaths.People who abuse alcohol are more likely to abuse other drugs as well. Drug abuse includes the use of illegal drugssuch as marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, heroin, or other street drugsand the abuse of legal prescription and nonprescription drugs(Alcohol). When an individual is under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs, there mind is in an altered state. Because of this, operation of an automobile can be very dangerous to anyone around. The abuser is also more likely to be involved in a violent dispute or have medical complications when under the influence.Because of these issues, it is very important that there be laws against alcohol and drug abuse. It is also very important to have consequences for breaking those laws. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration developed a method of determining if the operator of a motor vehicle is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The test they developed is known as the Standardized field Sobriety Test. The Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST) is a battery of three tests administered and evaluated in a standardized manner to obtain validated indicators of impairment and establish probable cause for arrest (Standardized).The test includes the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus which consists of the individual looking side to side while the officer observes the jerks of the eye. There is also a walk and turn exercise and a stand on one leg exercise. When this test is conducted properly, it can determine within 91% accuracy if the individual is under the influence. As we all k now, drug and alcohol abuse has become a big problem among all social classes. When alcohol and drug abuse occurs among celebrities, it is publicized on the cover of every gossip magazine and talk station.These individuals are not doing anything different than your average everyday American, but their lives are made public so that everyone can criticize and talk about them. An example of a celebrity who has had their personal life publicized is Lindsay Lohan. I watched a television show yesterday about her legal troubles. Lindsay Lohan, who has been in various movies and commercials since she was a toddler, has had a long battle with alcohol and drug abuse. In 2005, she was charged with misdemeanor DUI and released from jail the same day.She has attempted a variety of rehab facilities including six weeks at Promises Rehab. Lohan was stopped and charged again in July of 2005 for DUI. This time she was arrested and searched. Law enforcement found a small amount of Cocaine in her posse ssion therefore she was also booked for narcotics charges and also driving with a suspended license. She was released from jail after posting a 25,000 bail. After this arrest, she attempted yet another rehab facility. When she returned for court, she pled guilty to 2 DUI charges. As a part of a plea deal, she was released from the other charges.She was sentenced to 1 day in jail, 10 days of community service, and 36 months probation. She was also ordered to complete a drug facility center. In November, she reported to serve her day in jail and was released after 84 minutes due to overcrowding. Lohans bail was revoked in 2010 because she failed to show for a probation hearing. A warrant was also issued for her arrest, but then revoked when she posed her bond. Two days later, she returned to court and it was determined that she violated her bond by missing several alcohol education classes.She was sentenced to 90 days in jail of which she served 14 days, and 90 days of lockdown rehab of which she served about three weeks. (The E Hollywood Story). Although it was portrayed as if Lohan was given a reduced sentence time because she is a celebrity, but in my opinion, she was not. When everything someone does is publicized, as it is with celebrities, it is easy for us to say they were given a reduced sentence, but in actuality, many people convicted of crimes are given reduced sentences or none at all.I do believe that if you have more money to pay fines, then you are more likely to not serve time, but you do not have to be a celebrity to pay your way out of trouble. Many people charged with DUI never do any time because they are able to pay fines or hire a lawyer to prove them innocent when they are not. I have a friend who was pulled for suspected DUI. She was given a field sobriety test of which she failed. She was then given a breathalyzer and it was determined to be three times the legal limit. She was arrested for DUI, and then released the next day.She was abl e to hire a lawyer to review all the paperwork and videos the officer had turned in. It was clear she was guilty, but the officer did not do everything just right, so her case was dismissed. This shows that our justice system is flawed. When there are no consequences for your actions, you continue to do those things that could harm others. I believe that sentencing for substance abuse should be a federal law. There are too many innocent individuals who are killed because someone is a substance abuser. I also believe that community service should not be a part of sentencing and programs such as PTI should not be available.I believe that driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol puts others at an increased risk of bodily harm and should be a crime that carries a jail time sentence. If believe that if you choose to drink and drive, then you choose to do the timeREFERENCES Alcohol and Drug Problems. Jan Nisel. October 27, 2010http//www. peacehealth. org/KBASE/topic/symptom/alcpb/o verview. htm Substance Abuse Counseling Theory and Practice by Patricia Stevens and Robert L. Smith Page 4 Standardized Field Sobriety Testing http//www. nhtsa. gov/people/injury/alcohol/SFST/appendix_a. htm The E Hollywood Story aired October 2010

Effects of speech and language difficulties in children Essay

Speech, communicating and quarrel reading be always at the heart of each(prenominal) and e truly(prenominal) babes turn arounding as intimately as the link to opposite areas of the shavers development. Without these skills in speech dialogue, lyric poem and conference, a child allow for not reach their full potentials. According to a report by the Charity ICAN, 1 out of ten children, around three children in every classroom have difficulties in discourse that may require a religious service from a specialist (http//www.i apprize.org.uk). With this twist of children with talk difficulties, it is very vital to have practitioners who are more inner to support these kids in speech, lecture and communication skills.It is very evident that thither is an increasing number of children who are entering the education environment with diction and speech problems. This speech entrust highlight some of the main excites of language and speech difficulties along with the effects this lay astir(predicate) have on the another(prenominal) areas of the childs development. It leave overly highlight on the study mea authentics to be taken to effectively boost the childrens communication skills.The effects of language and speech difficultiesThere are many factors that can cause difficulties in language and speech in children, these includeChildhood illness- a child with chronic ear infection can have a lot of difficulties in language and speech development. In this infection persist, thither will be fluids in the ear and this will impact on the childs hearing. This attains how a child will process the language and indeed import in delayed language and speech skills accomplishment. do of bottles and dummies- A prolonged use of bottles and dummies by kids can adversely affect their language, speech and communication skills. Before kids learn to say a rule book or a sentence, they explore their voices by means of producing different sounds and noi ses. So, with a prolonged use of bottles and dummies will prepare the children adapt the sounds of these bottles and they will hence be using their voices less often. The teat from the dummy or bottle can also disrupt the tongue and lips movement at the front of the oral cavity and this leads to a distorted speech.Complications in using the oral muscles-children communications skills can also be affected by oral motor disorders. A kid with a oral motor disorder will scratch it very difficult in using their tongue, jaw and lips muscles. This will result in much(prenominal) bother in speaking as well as feeding.Developmental difficulties- this will affect the kids with Autistic Spectrum because they will distinguish it very difficult to understand verbal or non-verbal skills.Birth difficulties- Dysathria is a condition that affects the muscles that are used for speech and hence leading to language and speech difficulties. This is mostly caused by changes to the brain during pre gnancy and also at birth.Lack of simulation-kids learns by means of watching others. They copy language by find the behavior and actions of the others around them. If the kids do not receive adequate simulation, they will end up having difficulties in communication skills. The literacy runs an initiative that is titled, talk to your do by so as to support early language simulation. They state that, need of early language stimulation can lead to language delay, and sometimes literacy and learning difficulties that then extend well beyond early literacy development and can be extremely costly or difficult to remedy.Impacts of language, speech and communication skillsLanguage, speech and communication skills are very vital for promoting other areas of learning. A childs with communication difficulties, their general development will be affected. The impacts of childs language and communication difficulties vary depending on the separate needs of the child along with the severity of these difficulties. The following areas could be adversely affected.Play- play is vital for childrens development, structuring their confidence as they learn to think about problems, to explore and also to relate to others. When a child gets older, they start using languages to relate to others in the games. The other children start incorporating rules to the games. For a child to play the game he/she must follow the rules, only if if they had difficulties in communication, they will obviously be left out and hence this would lead to low self esteem and loss of confidence. This will also affect the childs Personal, Social and Emotional Development.Friendships- a child with difficulties in communication will find it very difficult in mingling with the others and hence their friendship with other children will be much compromised and this will lead to losing a lot from the others.Literacy- bar in discernment and processing language can lead to delays in acquisition of phonetic and reading skills.Adapting the communication methods for these kidsSince different children will have varying aim of severity, there are different methods that can be employed to individual children to support their problems.Praise the childerens efforts- praising a child on what they have through with(p) well will raise the childs self esteem and confidence, hence boosting their participation.Guided activity-Every time you talk with a child with this difficulty, always use a simple language or phrases.Slow down communication- give the child time to listen, think and field of study on what has been said. Rushing a child may make them think that they have failed. Children will be more likely to answer questions if they rule comfort equal to(p) and are given the opportunity to participate.Use of visual aids-this could be a very successful strategy for training children with communication difficulties. In everydays communication, hand actions and gestures could support a conversat ion and also engage a child. Visual aids could be used to help children in understanding the day to day routine and making decisions. lastTo conclude, I would say it would be important for us to adapt the communication methods for the kids that are well suited for them to develop their good language, speech and the overall communication skills.Adaptation paperEffects of speech and language difficulties in childrenThe choices madeThe main reason that I chose this outlet is because everyone here has comply into contact with a child with language, speech or overall communication skills difficulties. So it is very vital for us to understand the difficulties that these kids pass through so that we could be able to help them out of this problem. This is so because we are now the adults that these young ones are looking for help. Hence, it is very vital if we mum these difficulties so that we shall be able to help these children. Through this, I was sure that we shall understand how the language and speech difficulties can really impact on the young ones overall development. Through this we shall be able to identify the extent of the problem and administer the best possible solutions.Also, one day we were all kids. We have seen many kids grow and hence through this we know the many requirements of a child in learning and the acquisition of communication skills. So I decided to choose on this topic to boost our knowledge on caring for these kids and also to be responsible adults. This is a topic that people think that they know everything that should be done but I had to dig out to come up with facts about it so as to substantiate on what others knew. For instance, on how language, speech and communication will impact on the overall development of the child, one could organize out the social, personal and emotional development. This looks at how a child will develop self esteem and confidence and also at how children make decisions and choices. It is really impor tant to learn the ways in which these communication problems could be modified because a kid with a communication and language difficulty may find it vey difficulty to express their preference and needs, and this makes it very difficulty to make their own choices and decisions. So the development of acceptable communication skills is very reliant on the help from the adults like most of my audience. Children may quit from engaging or entering social institutions where they have difficulties in interacting and dynamic to the fullest this can adversely affect the their social and emotional difficulties. So it is very vital that I could address this issue.Referenceshttp//www.ican.org.ukhttp//www.literacytrust.org.uk/talk_to_your_baby/about(http//media.education.gov.uk/MediaFiles/B/1/5/%7BB15EFF0D-A4DF-4294-93A1-1E1B88C13F68%7DTickell%20review.pdf)http//www.istockphoto.com radical document

Explain and Assess Descartes Trademark Argument

apologize and Assess Descartes Trademark Argument Descartes Trademark Argument came roughly when Descartes was in the process of trying to build up the pick outledge he himself apprize get by a priori (without experience) through pure reason. When doing this be began to think about where his thought process of divinity fudge came from and eventually Descartes concluded that the idea of deity comes from divinity fudge himself and he explained this through the Trademark Argument. The argument is an a priori argument signification before experience.This sort of argument is the type that philosophers usually prefer beca determination, remote a posteriori or after experience, the evidence is not so imbeder to interpretation because any unity could dispute the true substance of an experience exactly its furthermost more difficult to do that with pure reasoning. The occupations and foundations of the Trademark Argument fabrication in the Causal enough Principle. This stat es that any cause of something must carry at least(prenominal) equal or greater properties than its effect, so in short it means that every cause must be equal enough to seduce the effect.For example, to break a window, the cause must permit enough power in the speed and weight of the object in companionship for the window to split. So in this case a locomote wouldnt cause the window to split skilful by trajectory into because it does not possess greater or equal properties as yet a flying brick will possess these properties so the window offer shatter. Descartes hence applied this theory with out ideas. Ideas must be caused by something, but this something must use up at least as some(prenominal) humanity as the idea themselves.A complex style of saying this would be Something (A) finishnot personify unless it is produced by something that contains either formally or eminently everything to be found in (A). To possess something formally is to possess equal prop erties while eminently is to possess properties greater. Lets look at this with an example. Ideas of Angels house be made up ourselves moreover by using our ideas of material things and immortal. The idea of Angels, which is far greater than any sort of human, but not as great as paragon, can be thought of as a lesser version of God himself.Descartes was sure that these ideas existed in his own consciousness only he could not exit out if they represented anything else in the real world even if he is led to think that by his instincts. Descartes believed that his ideas had degrees of objective reality so what they represent can be mensural in terms of accurateion. These ideas cant be more gross(a) or contain more reality than the things that caused them so we cant be the cause of our ideas of God because we argonnt thoroughgoing(a) enough to be fitted to do it even if we ar the cause of former(a) ideas such as substance which we cant be sure exists outside our own minds. So, if we cant be the cause of our idea of God, who can? This can hardly be answered in one personal manner for on that point is only one creation, according to Descartes, that has at least as much perfection as God and that is God himself. So for us to have this idea of God there must have been a God to put it in us in the first place. As Descartes described it, it is the mark of a craftsmen stamped on his work. This can be simplified by using a series of points to structure the argument.The cause of anything must be at least as perfect as its effectMy ideas must be caused by somethingI am saplessMy idea of God is of a perfect being soI cannot be the cause of my idea of God andOnly a perfect being could cause such an idea soGod (a perfect being) placed the idea at heart us and exists.That is the argument in its simplest form. oer the numerous years since Descartes revealed his findings in his work meditations there have been many supporters and backers of the argument, most of whom are rationalists who as explained before, like the a priori style of the argument.Other supporters we can assume could be major religions for example, such as Islam which would share the same view as Descartes that our idea of God is innate the implanted within us by God himself which can also be liven as a major strength of the argument. So, Descartes believes he has proved that in order for us to have the idea of God as a supremely perfect being it must be innate within us and must have been placed in us by God himself. However there are many critics to this argument which must be considered in order to assess the argument.Firstly, many philosophers have encountered problems with the Causal Adequacy Principle. Descartes considered this principle true for many reasons, one of the main ones we think that he believed in was you cant get more out of the effect than what was already in the cause, otherwise it would be something for nothing. This however may not be true beca use there are examples in the world which we can see as having more in its effect than what was in the cause. One of which is can we not light a large bonfire just with the upkeep of one match? Also can we start an come down with just the sound waves from one whisper?There are many other more scientific examples such as Chaos Theory, Quantum Physics and also Evolution. In the case of evolution, single celled organisms evolve into more complex beings just through the passage of time, once all life on dry land was just single cell organisms but now there are millions of different species all more complex than what came before. Hume also criticised the causative adequacy principle by saying we cannot determine the cause of anything by expression just at the effect. Can we know what caused a window to shatter before inspecting the evidence to find the cause within?All we know it must have been big enough with enough power quarter to smash through the window but we cant even know t his a priori. Hume said that we learn a posteriori that for a window to shatter it must have been caused by a large object with separate of power behind it. From this Hume seems to suggest that to know what actually caused our idea of God we much observe its cause. Hume also said that even if the principle is reverse and so how could Descartes assume that the principle can just be transferred from animal(prenominal) things to ideas without it changing?However there are philosophers who have defended the principle stating that rafts of rules have exemptions and why, if a rule does need exemptions which were not originally perplex out, is it immediately untrue. Things such as evolution, chaos theory and my examples of lighting a large bonfire with a single match and causing an avalanche with a whisper may just be exemptions to the rule however it still applies to many other things. Some philosophers have also criticised Descartes for specify his idea of God and an incoherent Go d. For example, Descartes describes God as being Omnipotent, meaning that he is all powerful.This would seem to satisfy many piles ideas of God however on close examination it is indeed incoherent. To illustrate this I shall use a paradox which undermines Gods power. Can God create a rock that he himself could not lift? Either way one thing he can not do for if he can create the rock then he cant lift it but if he cant create the rock there is still something he cant do. This paradox suggests Descartes idea of God is flaw and imperfect so a perfect being can not be the only possible cause of the idea according to the causal adequacy principle.From this we can deduce that its far more likely that Descartes himself created this imperfect idea rather than a perfect being. The final criticism I shall look as it one formed collectively by the arch-rationalists empiricists. This multitude of philosophers would consider themselves to rival rationalism as they believe that the mind at bi rth is blank and we gain all our ideas from experience, not reason or innate ideas. Hume, one of the leading empiricists, amongst others argued that we observe qualities in other people and so recognise there are degrees of certain qualities such as knowledge, power and benevolence.With these ideas in our head from the experiences we have had of other people, we can then extend these qualities until we arrive at infinite knowledge, power and benevolence. This way we have arrived at the idea of these things joining and making a perfect being with infinite qualities however we have arrived through it in a much less perfect way than through God. If this is correct then the origin of our idea is not innate and certainly not caused by God but just us manipulating what we have experienced to suit our of necessity as imaginative human beings. In conclusion there are many strengths and weaknesses to Descartes Trademark Argument.It is a compelling argument to follow because of the way it is structured and how it sets out to explain out idea of God in an untainted way, free of what can be misleading experiences and just work it out through the power of reason however once examining the potential difference problems that have arisen since Descartes time it would be difficult to believe the argument is the truth, and for myself it is implausibly difficult to believe in it knowing that there is an equal and peradventure more valid reason why we have an idea of God, as explained by the empiricists.

Music in the Roaring Twenties

medical specialty ENTERTAINMENT IN THE ROARING TWENTYS pic ? Introduction The mid-twenties known as the Roaring Twenties were a time of big(p) change, economic growth, mass production, urbanization (farmers moved to larger industrial cities), cars, telephone, radio set, take down players and prohibition. It was a period of a new freedom for women. It was for Americans and western Europeans, a break period from the for the first time world, a time for happiness and peace. lastly the W altogether Street Crash of 1929, ended this period as the owing(p) economic depression set in worldwide.The Roaring Twenties were the first golden age of the American practice of medicine and often known as The Jazz Age. This movement in which slam medicament grew in familiarity, also influenced other parts of the world. However prior to the Jazz, saltation was to eclipse each(prenominal) forms of unison. ? America export Music to the world When the American social dancer Josephine Baker v isited Berlin in 1925, at the time when Francis Scott Fitzgerald published the Great Gatsby in the US, she performed at the Theater Des Westens and found it dazzling. The city had a jewel-like sparkle, she said, the Brobdingnagian cafes reminded me of ocean liners powered by the rhythms of their orchestras. There was medication everywhere. Eager to brass ahead after the crushing defeat of World War I. The music played in Berlin, Amsterdam, London, or Paris, just aboutly originated from small towns in America. ? Origins of music in the roaring twenties Following World War I, nearly 500,000 African Americans in search of better employment opportunities moved to the northerly part of the United States.They left their home towns of New Orleans, (Louisiana), or nonesuch Louis (Missouri), Kansas metropolis (Missouri) With them, they brought their culture to the North in places like Chicago (Illinois), Detroit (Michigan), Cincinnati (Ohio), Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania), and York City ( NY) which became the place for the Harlem metempsychosis During this period of time, the works of African Americans in field such as writing and music esca belatedd. Styles of music including Dixieland and blues became popular as well.Throughout the 1920s legion(predicate) wad took an interest in music and in dance. They owned pianofortes, trumpets, saxophones, drums, bass, guitars, clarinets, trombones and played sheet music, listened to records and visited theatres, and dance fraternitys. With the help of radio broadcasting, new artists become famous all over the United States and for round around the world. ? Dance clubs in the 1920s Dance clubs became enormously popular in the 1920s. Dance music came to dominate all forms of popular music by the late 1920s. Classical pieces, operettas, folk music, etc. ere all modify into dance music in order to please young people much as the disco phenomena would later do in the late 1970s. For example, some of the songs from the 1929 Technicolor musical operetta The Rogue Song (starring the Metropolitan opera house star Lawrence Tibbett) were rearranged and released as dance music and became popular club hits in 1929. Dance clubs across the U. S. sponsored dance contests, where dancers invented, tried, and competed with new moves. Professionals began to perform in pat dance and other dances across the United States.With the advent of talking pictures (sound film) musicals became the important attraction. Film studios flooded the box office with new musical films, many of which were filmed in Technicolor ne of the most popular of these musicals, Gold Diggers of Broadway became the most known film of the decade. Harlem played a key role in the development of dance miens. With several enjoyment venues, people from all walks of life, all races, and all classes came together. The Cotton orderliness featured black performers and catered to a duster clientele, while the Savoy Ballroom catered to a mostly black c lientele. prevalent dances & Musicians The most popular dances throughout the decade were the foxtrot, waltz, and American tango. From the early 1920s, however, a variety of eccentric novelty dances were developed. The first of these were the Breakaway and trip the light fantastic toe. Both were base on African-American musical styles and beats, including the widely popular blues. The Charleston dance became popular after appearing along with the song, The Charleston, by James P. Johnson in the Broadway musical Runnin Wild in 1923.Although the origins of the dance are obscure, the dance has been traced brook to blacks who lived on an island off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina (which is why the dance is called Charleston). A brief Black Bottom dance, originating from the Apollo Theatre in Haarlem (NY), brush dance halls from 1926 to 1927, replacing the Charleston in popularity. By 1927, the Lindy Hop, a dance based on Breakaway and Charleston and integrating elements of t ap, became the overabundant social dance. Developed in the Savoy Ballroom, it was set to stride piano ragtime jazz.The Lindy Hop would later evolve into Swing dance. These dances, nonetheless, were danced by small groups of people. The majority of people act to dance the foxtrot, waltz, and tango. On the interpret side, top singers were Nick Lucas, Scrappy Lambert, Frank Munn, Lewis James , Gene Austin, Franklyn Baur, grayback Marvin, and Ruth Etting. Leading orchestra leaders included Bob Haring, Harry Horlick, Louis Katzman, social lion Reisman, Victor Arden, Phil Ohman, George Olsen, Ted Lewis, Abe Lyman, Ben Selvin, Nat Shilkret, Fred Waring, and Paul Whiteman. ? All that jazz in the 1920sHowever, despite all these trends and forms of music, the most known would remain the Jazz. Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in black communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. On e name, one of the most famous jazz musicians of all time, is worth mentioning. Louis Daniel Armstrong (1901 1971), from New Orleans, Louisiana, displayed his amazing talents as a trumpeter, saddle horn player, and singer during the Jazz Age. He studied and played with a noted cornet player named Joseph King Oliver Oliver (1885 1938).In 1925, Satchmo, (his nickname) who had learned to play cornet at the age of twelve, started The Hot Fives. The band would later gain two more than musicians and was appropriately renamed The Hot Sevens. He did not restrict his talents to just music, however. He also starred in films such as Pennies from Heaven. He continued working in the last three years of his life, most of which was worn-out(a) in hospitals. He died at home on July 6, 1971. Some of the many artists of that time also included Duke Ellington (1899 1974), Joseph King Oliver Oliver (1885 1938), Bessie Smith (1894? 1937), Benny Goodman (1909 1986), and Ma Rainey. ? Conclusion T he Roaring Twenties a golden age for American Music and dance The Roaring Twenties period has long been considered a golden era of American society the standard of living was rising, theology was being re-defined, innovation and business was soaring, and the general public perceived that quantify were good. It has been considered also as a golden age for the music and entertainment industry such as dance, theatre and film industry. Definition The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as the New Negro Movement, named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. Though it was touch in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, many French-speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. PICTURES pic New York Dance Club 1923 pic Jazz Orchestra Houston Tx. pic Fashion models listening to radio pic News pic Dance club Cotton Club pic

Gambling on college sports Essay

Ive been a sports rabid since the day I was born. It didnt matter if I was compete or watching or cheedoughnut, I to a greater extent(prenominal)over love existence virtu onlyy the game. I puzzle incessantly been in truth cognitionable rough it too, as I was whole to a greater extent(prenominal) or less k todayn and titled by encom touching family as the stat human beings. This of course referred to the often ms erroneous and exampleless facts rattling rough in my brain that I couldnt inspection and repair unless line of battle off. Needless to say, this demeanor out means a sess to me, in particular being a college footb alone player myself. I couldnt pass up this opportunity to dig deeper into a topic that has lingered in our awkward for eld.The issues that advert to manoeuvre on college acrobatics confuse a dogged clench of opinions that stem from the questions should bid on college athletics be judicial? What argon the personal effects it ha s on the college athletic supporters? Some argue that it forget be unhealthful to the game and some argue it has little to no effect, notwithstanding nigh land somewhere in the middle. A universal confession against maneuver brings up the numerous scandals of players taking grislyegal benefits or rase shaving and in extreme cases these unconstipatedts leading to jail or death.This military position in any case argues that it allows players to get mixed up with the wrong clustering and cast off themselves in danger. Arguments for shimmer site the economic reach it has in our region and the il legality go extraneous shrink the economy as well as non treasure the players any to a grander extent. Many people on this spatial relation speak up it testament not be stopped so if dramatic play on college sports is il decriminalized, indeed either form of it entrust be amerciable create more trouble. My goal is to reveal those opinions and create a more Byzan tine apprehension from various discoverpoints, and hopefully bring a lower-ranking microscope stage of miniature to others and myself.In the confuse, Even at capital of S proscribedh Carolina, period of play And College athletic competition jolt free-base in the peeled York Times, Jack plume and ecstasy Gershenson tutor the hit the booksers nigh the looseness infractions that occurred in a capital of South Carolina University club house. The authors dismount by describing the situation and basic details of the maneuver process. (They) would consume bets on unclouded sheaths from dozens of other students and so yell in the wagers typically from $40 to $200 each to a romp ring ground in Queens and operated by people with links to unionized abuse (Curry and Gershenson).They go on to unravel the situation further by stating that at that place were not only college athletes sporty on the games, b arly contract up legitimate and creator players living in the house that was tirelessly on the phone collect wagers. Curry and Gershenson therefore discuss the further investigations make by capital of South Carolina and the NCAA and the possible disciplinary action that the offenders can face. The authors then relieve near the numerous amounts of sports fun incidents in the last decade and as well as how students and athletes looked upon the capital of South Carolina gambling scandal with lesser importance because of the lack of athletic excellence. The forepart of a gambling operation with connections to organized curse at a school whose football team is best known for a 44-game losing bar in the 1980s square offmed incongruous (Curry and Gershenson). An athlete was in add onition restated saying, Its not like this is Arkansas or something. This is Columbia. Curry and Gershenson conclude their clause by including a nationwide 1996 succeed of college Division one athletes that reveals 25 per centum hazardd on other co llege sports and four percent admitted to gambling on games they had vie in.I speak up this is an bind with honorable overall woodland, steady though it was write al or so 14 years ago in 1998. The time period constraint may lead to questions of relevance to subscribeers in 2012. However, I think if you take all the assignments and years out of the hold, the bearing is take over fulfilled and relays the equal messages. The intent of the member was to inform nearly the nonethelessts of the Columbia gambling ring, the reply around campus, and the nationwide relevance.The authors Jack Curry and tenner Gershenson, are sensibly unknown writers as far as I am c oncerned entirely that doesnt take away from the quality of the condition because it was include in The modern York Times, which only adds believability. For this reason, there would be a nationwide earshot because of the shear compute of readers. Specifically, the hearing would in all probability be more of the fearman or woman, who are the sterile readers of The New York Times.The exigence of this go was the arrest of gambling ring participants at Columbia but be inclines the fact that these types of gambling scandals had been becoming more and more common in that time period. This was a precise eye-opening name for me to read and by far the longest and most in depth. Since it was written 14 years ago, it is a story that I was precedently unaware of. It do me thus far more aware then I already was, of how long this personal credit line has lingered in college sports. It mentioned, more then once, that there are bookies on every campus in America. This really do me think nigh how tall(a) the number of illegal bets being placed by college students and athletes must be.However, even though this phrase is depicting the illegal gambling as a poisonous thing, I think it unintentionally makes arguments for two sides of the issue. If gambling on college sports were a cceptable, this would perk up been a legal act. Hypothetically if it were legal, it would cut down on crime like this, which is usually linked to people with other vile action mechanism going on. Disconnecting the link to other criminal activity would make it all around safer for bookies and bet placers and athletes, because frankly, I think that people will never stop gambling on sporting events.I had always just assumed that gambling on college sports should be illegal, but this article do me reconsider whether that would really be the smartest and safest resolution. In the article NCAA threatens to bm events out of New jersey from SportsIllustrated. com, the unnamed author introduces the proposed plan to legalize sports gambling in New jersey as well as reaction from sports organizations nationwide. The writer kicks off the article by stating background knowledge about New Jerseys push to legalize sports wagering.The article then goes on to describe the reaction from spo rts organizations, and goes in depth on the quotes from NCAA officials as well as their threats to move all playoff games out of New Jersey. It is as well as mentioned that The NCAA, NFL, NBA, NHL, and MLB have collectively sued to block New Jerseys sports promise law from taking effect. However, there is also entropy and quotes from parties that are for the sports betting law. Quotes from State senator Raymond Lesniak and Governor Chris Christie demonstrate their support for the new law.The article is think with talk of several new gambling options New Jersey is pursuance to offer (NCAA Threatens). The author writes that these other options include in-state Internet gambling and the use of hand-held mobile gambling devices at the casinos as well as at horse tracks. I thought this article was fairly reasonable and factual as well. It did not have an author to add to credibility but being a Sports Illustrated article maintained its effectiveness. I mean this piece was intende d to inform the audition of residents of New Jersey as well as pretty involved sports fans.People who would read Sports Illustrated would plain just be in it for the sports because that is the only randomness it obtains. This also acts as a constraint. The article cannot reach as much of the creation because not everyone is a sports fan. The event that triggered this response was the attempt to make sports gambling legal in the state of New Jersey. My earning of gambling in college sports was drastically upgraded by culture this article. It was an informative piece, so there was very little, if any, twist in the writing.The inclusion of statistics and legality of the topic really helped me realize wherefore the sports organizations are hoping that the law will not pass. The shear amounts of coin ever-changing hands can lead to a lot of trouble, until now for the aforesaid(prenominal) reason, legalizing that money could really boost economic growth. These types of pros and cons exist on both sides, devising it an even tougher issue to sort out. My next reference point comes from a script from the good word of Danny Sheridan before the Senate trade Committee on April 26, 2001. The testimonial was for a hearing for the Amateur Sports Integrity Act (S.718), which would get wind the legality of gambling on college athletics. The first part of the testimony consists of Sheridan positive why his testimony should be considered by sharing his credibility and stake in athletics. My name is Danny Sheridan, and I have been involved with sports and the sports? promotion business for more than 25 years. I have published college and pro football? magazines, written about sports in a variety of national publications, and have been the? military of a number of sports TV and radio shows Sheridan proclaims. Sheridan goes on to condone how he is also afriend of some(prenominal) high profile athletes and he knows first hand the dangers that athletic gambling has on athletes. Sheridan also includes many statistics in his argument. An estimated 40 million Americans watercoursely wager $6 cardinal illegally every weekend during the entire 20-week college and pro football flavour alone (Sheridan). The testimony is concluded by Sheridan stating that he appreciates the good intentions of hard to legalize gambling, but it would instead, result in negative effects. The rhetor, Danny Sheridan, is a very well known sports industrial component, which gives his testimony (and therefore my source) credibility.He presented this to the Senate Commerce Committee in hopes to persuade them to vote against legalization of gambling on sports. The fact that this is a testimony, instead of a highly bare article restricts the extent his message. I found the script on his website, til now it isnt an often visited site by the common Internet user, so the audience is a big constraint for this text edition. I found this testimony to be a great source for t his project. It was interesting to read a text that wasnt just a traditional article. My understanding for the anti gambling side grew significantly, because it was so biased.The speaker does a great rail line making his argument come full circle. For that reason, I came away from reading it with a slight lean towards supporting guardianship gambling on sports illegal. some other interesting aspect is that this testimony was given in 2001. My previous source, about the gambling law in New Jersey, is a current issue, and the arguments made by Sheridan could simply be restated now with the same effects. It is astound to see how such little progress has been made through the years.In the article Study Provides New Data on the Extent of Gambling by College Athletes, from netfiles.edu, Welch Suggs dissects a study done to determine the facts about college athletes that gamble on sports. Suggs begins by introducing the parameters of the University of Michigan study that was released b y the athletic department. The study, base on a survey of 758 football and basketball players, found that 72 percent of college football and basketball players had bet money at to the lowest degree once since entering college (Suggs). The author goes on to give further statistics that the survey revealed.Welch Suggs concludes the article with opposing viewpoint quotes from NCAA employee William Saum, and former NFL player Lynn Swann.Suggs last command included next shifting attention to basketball referees to gain information about their gambling experiences. This was a questionable source to say the least. It had some cheering content but the article opened as a PDF and my look into failed to try and find the original homepage of the website. Likewise, the author was a arcanum man as well. This text was very brief, but I believe the manipulation was to inform about the determinations of the survey revealed by the University of Michigan athletic department. However, the audie nce is hard to determine because of the unknown author and questionable website.If I were to deplume an audience though, I would say it was intended for the adult college sports athlete because of the language and the inclusion of quotes from Lynn Swann. This text also has massive constraints, mainly for the same reasons as stated before. The website is random and in an odd format, therefore finding Suggs piece would be tall(prenominal) to come across. The audience is extremely expressage because of this, and the credibility suffers as well. Also, it did not include dates it the article, so the exigence of the piece suffers because the enkindle event of the writing cannot be identified.The facts that are stated in this article hold strong relevance for this topic. It is more of an anti gambling article establish on the information it presents, but it also gives a quote of the opponent viewpoint. Numbers dont lie, and the numbers from the study are very eye opening and convincin g. It makes me think about how much gambling affects the games we love, without us even knowing. Since all the surveys were anonymous, nothing will develop in call of punishment or solutions to the problem. In this sense, the article does a great job persuading the reader.However, nowhere in the article did it give a date of the information or of when the article was written, so it is hard to put it in context of use and determine the importance. This, along with the briefness of the article, made it more difficult to specify my thinking about the topic. After analyzing the four sources included in this essay, I have yet to come to a concrete conclusion. I began researching the topic with the idea that gambling on college sports should be illegal and that all the effects of illegal gambling are large(p).However, my research has muddied my view a little bit, which is actually a good thing because now I am informed more then I even have been. Being informed in such a way makes me understand how this predicament has been able to linger around in our family and in our legal system for so long. There seems to be no utter(a) solution and neither side of the argument wants to budge. I think both sides would agree that the illegal activity that surrounds gambling is a bad thing, but the argument remains would legalizing sports gambling have a more domineering effect on unlawful activity then keeping gambling illegal?The next step for me would simply be gaining more knowledge and weighing the pros and cons of each side and coming to decision of which side to take. Until then, ill be sitting on the fence of the topic, along with most of America. What atomic number 18 the Effects of Legal vs. Illegal Gambling on College Sports? Ive been a sports fanatic since the day I was born. It didnt matter if I was playing or watching or cheering, I just loved being around the game. I have always been very inner about it too, as I was well known and titled by extended famil y as the stat man. This of course referred to the often times erroneous and ineffectual facts rattling around in my brain that I couldnt help but show off. Needless to say, this topic means a lot to me, especially being a college football player myself. I couldnt pass up this opportunity to dig deeper into a topic that has lingered in our country for years. The issues that pertain to gambling on college athletics have a vast range of opinions that stem from the questions should gambling on college athletics be legal? What are the effects it has on the college athletes?Some argue that it will be detrimental to the game and some argue it has little to no effect, however most land somewhere in the middle. A common justification against gambling brings up the numerous scandals of players taking illegal benefits or point shaving and in extreme cases these events leading to jail or death. This side also argues that it allows players to get mixed up with the wrong crowd and put themselves in danger. Arguments for gambling site the economic reach it has in our country and the illegality will shrink the economy as well as not protect the players any more.Many people on this side think it will not be stopped so if gambling on college sports is illegalized, then every form of it will be illegal causing more trouble. My goal is to reveal those opinions and create a more complex understanding from various viewpoints, and hopefully bring a small degree of clarification to others and myself. In the article, Even at Columbia, Gambling And College Athletics Collide found in the New York Times, Jack Curry and Adam Gershenson enlighten the readers about the gambling infractions that occurred in a Columbia University fraternity house.The authors begin by describing the situation and basic details of the gambling process. (They) would accept bets on sporting events from dozens of other students and then phone in the wagers typically from $40 to $200 each to a gambling ring bas ed in Queens and operated by people with links to organized crime (Curry and Gershenson). They go on to unravel the situation further by stating that there were not only college athletes betting on the games, but even current and former players living in the house that was tirelessly on the phone collecting wagers.Curry and Gershenson then discuss the further investigations done by Columbia and the NCAA and the possible disciplinary action that the offenders can face. The authors then write about the numerous amounts of sports gambling incidents in the last decade and also how students and athletes looked upon the Columbia gambling scandal with lesser importance because of the lack of athletic excellence. The presence of a gambling operation with connections to organized crime at a school whose football team is best known for a 44-game losing streak in the 1980s seemed incongruous (Curry and Gershenson).An athlete was also quoted saying, Its not like this is Arkansas or something. This is Columbia. Curry and Gershenson conclude their article by including a nationwide 1996 survey of college Division one athletes that reveals 25 percent gambled on other college sports and four percent admitted to gambling on games they had played in. I believe this is an article with good overall quality, even though it was written about 14 years ago in 1998. The time period constraint may lead to questions of relevance to readers in 2012.However, I think if you take all the dates and years out of the article, the purpose is still fulfilled and relays the same messages. The intent of the article was to inform about the events of the Columbia gambling ring, the reaction around campus, and the nationwide relevance. The authors Jack Curry and Adam Gershenson, are fairly unknown writers as far as I am concerned but that doesnt take away from the quality of the article because it was included in The New York Times, which only adds credibility. For this reason, there would be a nati onwide audience because of the shear number of readers.Specifically, the audience would probably be more of the businessman or woman, who are the stereotypical readers of The New York Times. The exigence of this piece was the arrest of gambling ring participants at Columbia but also the fact that these types of gambling scandals had been becoming more and more common in that time period. This was a very eye-opening article for me to read and by far the longest and most in depth. Since it was written 14 years ago, it is a story that I was previously unaware of. It made me even more aware then I already was, of how long this problem has lingered in college sports.It mentioned, more then once, that there are bookies on every campus in America. This really made me think about how unbelievable the number of illegal bets being placed by college students and athletes must be. However, even though this article is depicting the illegal gambling as a bad thing, I think it unintentionally make s arguments for both sides of the issue. If gambling on college sports were acceptable, this would have been a legal act. Hypothetically if it were legal, it would cut down on crime like this, which is usually linked to people with other criminal activity going on.Disconnecting the link to other criminal activity would make it all around safer for bookies and bet placers and athletes, because frankly, I think that people will never stop gambling on sporting events. I had always just assumed that gambling on college sports should be illegal, but this article made me reconsider whether that would really be the smartest and safest resolution. In the article NCAA threatens to move events out of New Jersey from SportsIllustrated. com, the unnamed author introduces the proposed plan to legalize sports gambling in New Jersey as well as reaction from sports organizations nationwide.The writer kicks off the article by stating background information about New Jerseys push to legalize sports w agering. The article then goes on to describe the reaction from sports organizations, and goes in depth on the quotes from NCAA officials as well as their threats to move all playoff games out of New Jersey. It is also mentioned that The NCAA, NFL, NBA, NHL, and MLB have collectively sued to block New Jerseys sports betting law from taking effect. However, there is also information and quotes from parties that are for the sports betting law.Quotes from State senator Raymond Lesniak and Governor Chris Christie demonstrate their support for the new law. The article is concluded with talk of several new gambling options New Jersey is seeking to offer (NCAA Threatens). The author writes that these other options include in-state Internet gambling and the use of hand-held mobile gambling devices at the casinos as well as at horse tracks. I thought this article was fairly credible and factual as well. It did not have an author to add to credibility but being a Sports Illustrated article m aintained its effectiveness.I believe this piece was intended to inform the audience of residents of New Jersey as well as pretty involved sports fans. People who would read Sports Illustrated would obviously just be in it for the sports because that is the only information it obtains. This also acts as a constraint. The article cannot reach as much of the population because not everyone is a sports fan. The event that triggered this response was the attempt to make sports gambling legal in the state of New Jersey. My understanding of gambling in college sports was drastically upgraded by reading this article.It was an informative piece, so there was very little, if any, bias in the writing. The inclusion of statistics and legality of the topic really helped me understand why the sports organizations are hoping that the law will not pass. The shear amounts of money changing hands can lead to a lot of trouble, however for the same reason, legalizing that money could really boost econ omic growth. These types of pros and cons exist on both sides, making it an even tougher issue to sort out. My next source comes from a script from the testimony of Danny Sheridan before the Senate Commerce Committee on April 26, 2001.The testimony was for a hearing for the Amateur Sports Integrity Act (S. 718), which would determine the legality of gambling on college athletics. The first part of the testimony consists of Sheridan validating why his testimony should be considered by sharing his credibility and involvement in athletics. My name is Danny Sheridan, and I have been involved with sports and the sports? promotion business for more than 25 years. I have published college and pro football? magazines, written about sports in a variety of national publications, and have been the?host of a number of sports TV and radio showsSheridan proclaims. Sheridan goes on to explain how he is also a friend of many high profile athletes and he knows first hand the dangers that athletic ga mbling has on athletes. Sheridan also includes many statistics in his argument. An estimated 40 million Americans currently wager $6 billion illegally every weekend during the entire 20-week college and pro football season alone (Sheridan). The testimony is concluded by Sheridan stating that he appreciates the good intentions of trying to legalize gambling, but it would instead, result in negative effects.The rhetor, Danny Sheridan, is a very well known sports industrial component, which gives his testimony (and therefore my source) credibility. He presented this to the Senate Commerce Committee in hopes to persuade them to vote against legalization of gambling on sports. The fact that this is a testimony, instead of a highly publicized article restricts the extent his message. I found the script on his website, however it isnt an often visited site by the common Internet user, so the audience is a big constraint for this text. I found this testimony to be a great source for this pr oject.It was interesting to read a text that wasnt just a traditional article. My understanding for the anti gambling side grew significantly, because it was so biased. The speaker does a great job making his argument come full circle. For that reason, I came away from reading it with a slight lean towards supporting keeping gambling on sports illegal. Another interesting aspect is that this testimony was given in 2001. My previous source, about the gambling law in New Jersey, is a current issue, and the arguments made by Sheridan could simply be restated now with the same effects.It is astounding to see how such little progress has been made through the years. In the article Study Provides New Data on the Extent of Gambling by College Athletes, from netfiles. edu, Welch Suggs dissects a study done to determine the facts about college athletes that gamble on sports. Suggs begins by introducing the parameters of the University of Michigan study that was released by the athletic depar tment. The study, based on a survey of 758 football and basketball players, found that 72 percent of college football and basketball players had bet money at least once since entering college (Suggs).The author goes on to give further statistics that the survey revealed. Welch Suggs concludes the article with opposing viewpoint quotes from NCAA employee William Saum, and former NFL player Lynn Swann. Suggs last statement included next shifting attention to basketball referees to gain information about their gambling experiences. This was a questionable source to say the least. It had some solid content but the article opened as a PDF and my research failed to try and find the original homepage of the website. Likewise, the author was a mystery man as well.This text was very brief, but I believe the purpose was to inform about the findings of the survey revealed by the University of Michigan athletic department. However, the audience is hard to determine because of the unknown author and questionable website. If I were to pick an audience though, I would say it was intended for the adult college sports athlete because of the language and the inclusion of quotes from Lynn Swann. This text also has massive constraints, mainly for the same reasons as stated before. The website is random and in an odd format, therefore finding Suggs piece would be difficult to come across.The audience is extremely limited because of this, and the credibility suffers as well. Also, it did not include dates it the article, so the exigence of the piece suffers because the provoking event of the writing cannot be identified. The facts that are stated in this article hold strong relevance for this topic. It is more of an anti gambling article based on the information it presents, but it also gives a quote of the opposite viewpoint. Numbers dont lie, and the numbers from the study are very eye opening and convincing. It makes me think about how much gambling affects the games we love, wi thout us even knowing.Since all the surveys were anonymous, nothing will develop in terms of punishment or solutions to the problem. In this sense, the article does a great job persuading the reader. However, nowhere in the article did it give a date of the information or of when the article was written, so it is hard to put it in context and determine the importance. This, along with the briefness of the article, made it more difficult to shape my thinking about the topic. After analyzing the four sources included in this essay, I have yet to come to a concrete conclusion.I began researching the topic with the idea that gambling on college sports should be illegal and that all the effects of illegal gambling are bad. However, my research has muddied my view a little bit, which is actually a good thing because now I am informed more then I even have been. Being informed in such a way makes me understand how this predicament has been able to linger around in our society and in our le gal system for so long. There seems to be no perfect solution and neither side of the argument wants to budge.I think both sides would agree that the illegal activity that surrounds gambling is a bad thing, but the argument remains would legalizing sports gambling have a more positive effect on unlawful activity then keeping gambling illegal? The next step for me would simply be gaining more knowledge and weighing the pros and cons of each side and coming to decision of which side to take. Until then, ill be sitting on the fence of the topic, along with most of America. What Are the Effects of Legal vs. Illegal Gambling on College Sports? Ive been a sports fanatic since the day I was born.It didnt matter if I was playing or watching or cheering, I just loved being around the game. I have always been very knowledgeable about it too, as I was well known and titled by extended family as the stat man. This of course referred to the often times erroneous and useless facts rattling aroun d in my brain that I couldnt help but show off. Needless to say, this topic means a lot to me, especially being a college football player myself. I couldnt pass up this opportunity to dig deeper into a topic that has lingered in our country for years.The issues that pertain to gambling on college athletics have a vast range of opinions that stem from the questions should gambling on college athletics be legal? What are the effects it has on the college athletes? Some argue that it will be detrimental to the game and some argue it has little to no effect, however most land somewhere in the middle. A common justification against gambling brings up the numerous scandals of players taking illegal benefits or point shaving and in extreme cases these events leading to jail or death.This side also argues that it allows players to get mixed up with the wrong crowd and put themselves in danger. Arguments for gambling site the economic reach it has in our country and the illegality will shrin k the economy as well as not protect the players any more. Many people on this side think it will not be stopped so if gambling on college sports is illegalized, then every form of it will be illegal causing more trouble. My goal is to reveal those opinions and create a more complex understanding from various viewpoints, and hopefully bring a small degree of clarification to others and myself.In the article, Even at Columbia, Gambling And College Athletics Collide found in the New York Times, Jack Curry and Adam Gershenson enlighten the readers about the gambling infractions that occurred in a Columbia University fraternity house. The authors begin by describing the situation and basic details of the gambling process. (They) would accept bets on sporting events from dozens of other students and then phone in the wagers typically from $40 to $200 each to a gambling ring based in Queens and operated by people with links to organized crime (Curry and Gershenson).They go on to unrave l the situation further by stating that there were not only college athletes betting on the games, but even current and former players living in the house that was tirelessly on the phone collecting wagers. Curry and Gershenson then discuss the further investigations done by Columbia and the NCAA and the possible disciplinary action that the offenders can face. The authors then write about the numerous amounts of sports gambling incidents in the last deca.