International Pharmaceutical Industry Marketing, And...

H. Lundbeck A/S is a Danish international pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development, production, marketing, and sale of drugs for the treatment of disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, Huntington s disease, epilepsy and insomnia. Lundbeck is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has production facilities in Denmark, Italy and France and is present in 57 countries. It has around 5.500 employees globally, and the company’s products are registered in more than 100 countries worldwide. Lundbeck’s mission is to improve the quality of life for those suffering from psychiatric and neurological disorders. In recent years following a trend in the pharmaceutical industry, Lundbeck has also integrated the concept of patient centricity into its vision. Gap Analysis Why – why analysis Problem definition The shift from practitioner focus to patient centricity has bee n driven mainly by policy makers and payers who seek to control costs and require evidence of value and relative effectiveness. Technology also plays a role as healthcare providers are able to use health data allowing faster and better diagnoses and treatment decisions. Patients, too, are playing an important role in this significant change. Because of accessibility of information they often seek information before seeing physicians and play a much more active role in their treatment. All of these factors haveShow MoreRelatedThe Competitive Landscape Of The Industry1268 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive landscape of the industry in which one is competing, it must understand how to formulate strategies that will create a profitable business. A business must know what it is good at to be able to effectively have a competitive advantage over other businesses within that industry. The profitability of Mylan Pharmaceuticals largely depends on their ability to discover and market new drug s. The desire to cure illness and disease is what demands pharmaceutical companies like Mylan to be empoweredRead MoreCase Study: Health Care Industry (Eli Lilly and Company)1735 Words   |  7 PagesCASE STUDY: HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY) Introduction: Following on his experience of medicines used in the Civil War, Colonel Eli Lilly, a Union Officer and a pharmacist, started a small pharmaceutical company in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA with the aim of producing high quality prescription drugs. After Colonel Lillys death, his son Josiah K. Lilly Sr., and eventually his two grandsons, Eli Lilly and Josiah K. Lilly Jr., each served as president of the company. It was his grandsonRead MoreNovartis International Ag - Company Profile3015 Words   |  13 Pages III. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 2 IV. MAJOR PRODUCTS 3 V. MAJOR COMPETITORS 5 VI. SALES HISTORY 6 VII. MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTMENT POTENTIAL 7 VIII. STOCK PRICE DATA AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS 8 IX. CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This company profile provides a preliminary investigation and analysis of Novartis International AG, a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland. Novartis is one of ten companies the Investment BoardRead MoreThe Potential Growth Of Companies2664 Words   |  11 PagesOur purpose is to find the potential growth of companies in both the large cap and small-mid cap category of biotechnology industry. Therefore, we selected two mature companies and two companies that are in development stage. Our choices mainly base on the companies’ pipeline because biotechnology companies lives or dies depending on their pipeline, level of expertise and network of partners/distributors they have. For mature companies, we looked at their financial strength, the source of financingRead MoreA Review On The Case Of Eli Lilly And Company Versus Canada1524 Words   |  7 Pagesis method of public international law which gives legal right for those who invested in a foreign country a chance to challenge a regulation, judicial or administrative ruling or and government decision of a hosted country. Investors are those who purchase properties or businesses in another country. ISDS allows the foreign investor to circumvent domestic courts and to bring sue against a hosted country government. This argument mediated by a panel of private international arbitrators. The provisionsRead MoreMergers Acquisitions in Pharma Industry21425 Words   |  86 PagesREPORT ON A Successful International Merger in India: GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceutical industry Table of Contents: Declaration Abstract Part I –Introduction Research Objective and justifications Report Outline Part-II Industry Description GSK-TheRead MoreService Area Competitor Analysis : Johnson Johnson1741 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies with operations in over 57 countries and products sold in over 175 countries. Through its family of companies, Johnson Johnson employs approximately 127,000 people worldwide and is engaged in the research and development, manufacture and sale of a broad range of products in the health care field in virtually all countries of the world. As a member of the global healthcare community, Johnson Johnson consistently displays a long-standing commitment to global health. Its goal is to advanceRead MoreThe Impact Of Lundbeck As A Global Pharmaceutical Company1751 Words   |  8 PagesHistory Lundbeck is a global pharmaceutical company highly committed to improving the quality of life for people with mental illness and neurological disorders people . To this end , Lundbeck is engaged in the research, development, production, marketing and sale of drugs around the world. The company s products in the areas of disease , such as depression , schizophrenia , Parkinson s disease and Alzheimer s disease target, (About us, 2016) . The company Founded by Hans Lundbeck was foundedRead MoreIndia s Drug Industry : India Essay2364 Words   |  10 Pages Ashley Buchanan India’s Drug Industry Saint Leo University According to a report done by Equity Master, the Indian pharmaceuticals market happens to be the third largest in terms of volume and the thirteenth largest in terms of value. In the pharmaceuticals market, branded generics dominate. India is the biggest provider of generic drugs throughout the world and consolidation has become imperative as the Indian pharmaceutical market is highly disjointed. India is full of engineers andRead MorePharmaceutical Industry Ethical Practices13569 Words   |  55 Pages| Ethics in Corporate Society | | PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING-the growing ethical concern? Analytical Report | | | Madiha Raza Noama Naeem Sheikh Zargham Zaigham LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION November 5, 2011 Dear Readers, As students of BBA, our course instructor of Ethics in Corporate Society, Ms. Tania Danish authorized us to make a report on the â€Å"PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING-the growing ethical concern?† We were required to make a report in accordance to our learning in the course

The, The Pit And The Pendulum By Edgar Allan Poe - 994 Words

Throughout the semester, the class has read various stories from a variety of authors. We have witnessed through our analyses the detail that the writers have used; Edgar Allan Poe, author of â€Å"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar† (1845) and â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† (1842) used grotesque and fearsome imagery, as well as setting, to go in depth to give the readers the illusion of actually being there. Although these two stories are unalike, they share the theory of dread because of their disturbing and frightening qualities. â€Å"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar† is about a man near death who is hypnotized and examined over a period of seven months. During this mesmerism experiment, the main character, M. Valdemar, is in a zombie-like state where he is neither living nor dead. He is asked several questions by the narrator only known as P. Once the examination is complete, they are shocked to see what becomes of M. Valdemar. We are introduced to the gruesome imagery from the very beginning when P. walks into M. Valdemar’s room. He describes the physical features of the dying man in detail. One of which is an in depth description of his face where he says â€Å"the emaciation was so extreme, that the skin had been broken through by the cheek-bones.† (Poe, 1). Throughout the story, the imagery becomes more and more grotesque. When the experiment has gone on for several months the narrator describes Valdemar’s decaying eyeball in a way that makes you sick and dreading what is toShow MoreRelatedThe Pit And The Pendulum By Edgar Allan Poe852 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a well known American author whose works continue to influence literature today. His difficult life was impactful on his writing. He is mostly known for his dark writings, but he was also a talented adventure author. Poe’s past and the influence it had on his writing makes him an interesting author to research. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as well as â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† are two of Poe’s well known short stories. â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† is written in a way thatRead MoreThe Pit And The Pendulum By Edgar Allan Poe2721 Words   |  11 PagesEdgar Allan poe was a master at suspense, symbolism, and imagery. His special set of skills were evident in all his stories and truly make readers think about life and death. These are common themes throughout his stories and novels. Perhaps his stories are actually a reflection of his hard life and all the death he has faced himself.It seemed that throught Poe’s life he w as dealing with the death of his loved ones very often and only had short periods of depressing grief between each one. The themesRead More The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pages In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum,† written 1843, and â€Å"using the anguish of imminent death as the means of causing the nerves to quiver† (Edgar Allan Poe, 2015), he takes the reader into the mind of a man who is tortured by various means by some unknown person or persons for reasons that are not given. The themes of death and time are portrayed strongly in this story and produce a sense of anxiety and uncertainty. â€Å"The first- person narration, in which the ‘I’ remainsRead MoreThe Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poes The Pit and the pendulum demonstrate an arabesque look at the human mind. Part of the terror of The Pit and the Pendulum stems from the apocalyptic imagery with which Poe establishes his narrative framework. The narrator of the tale seems not to parallel the characters of Poes other tales, in that he is very sane and his torture comes from without rather than from within. Poe has used apocalyptic imagery in many ofRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Pit And The Pendulum2286 Words   |  10 PagesEdgar Allan Poe has written many different stories and poems throughout his lifetime and the common themes of death, horror, and mystery help to prove him as a Gothic Literature writer. Many of his ideas came from his own life because he had a very hard life growing up involving a lot of death of loved ones. Throughout his stories, he has a common motif of suspense that help to exemplify the Gothic Literature sense. He also used a third person point of view very often as to help portray the horrorRead MoreFear in The Pit and the Pendulum, by Edgar Allan Poe Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesWhen he wakes he is somewhere else in the dark cell. Or is it a cell? Could it be a tomb? Just when he thinks the cell is so big he finds himself almost falling into a pit. He eats and sleeps again. Where or how will he wake? Does he wake from his drugged food? In this st ory â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum,† by Edgar Allan Poe, he tells the terrifying struggle of a man dealing with fear, torture, and confinement. In this complete darkness the main character has no idea where he is. Could it beRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s `` The Raven, And The Pit And The Pendulum 1872 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of characters in Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories like â€Å"The Raven,† and the Pit and the Pendulum,† show psychological elements, and make the stories more mind boggling and delusional. Authors choose a certain technique on how they write their stories based on how they want the audience to feel and think when they read it, and also based off of their personal backgrounds. Edgar Allan Poe’s stories are described as â€Å"disturbing† with disturbed characters. His stories are meant to bring chillsRead MoreComparing The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe2173 Words   |  9 PagesComparing The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe In this essay I will be focusing on the comparisons between the two horrific tales, The Signalman written by Charles Dickens and The Pit and the Pendulum written by Edgar Allan Poe, and by looking at these tales, will give me an idea of how suspense is built up. In the opening paragraph of The Signalman, suspense is built up immediately as the sense of sound adds confusionRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1559 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe, a famous romanticism writer, created a gothic tone in his stories by describing the setting of his stories with vocabulary that helped create the dark plots of stories such as â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Pit and The Pendulum†. Poe’s own foster father, John Allan, stated that â€Å"His (Poe’s) talents are of an order that can never prove comfort to their possessor†. How did Poe create such gothic tones in his stories with only describing the foul settings and wickedRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Use of Descriptive Language in The Pit and the Pendulum1609 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poes Use of Descriptive Language in The Pit and the Pendulum Edgar Allan Poe has been known for writing stories of mystery and horror. He has composed poems dealing with the occult. He favors those themes and ideas that people shy away from, death, pain, suffering, torture, terror, and fear. His gothic stories burn fright into the hearts of the reader or leave them with a sense of remorse for Poes poor and unfortunate characters. Not many people have ever thought about

Chemical Bonding free essay sample

The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonding, covalent bonding and metallic bonding. Covalent Bonding A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds. Covalent bonding consists of many kinds of interaction, including ? -bonding, ? -bonding, metal to metal bonding, agostic interactions, and three-centre two-electron bonds. Picture 01: Diagram showing covalent bonding. Covalent bond means the atoms share the same valence. E. g. in the molecule H2, the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons through covalent bonding.The properties of the compounds that are formed in covalent bonding are that they can either be a liquid or gas at room temperature, they have both low melting and boiling temperatures and low heats of fusion and vaporisation, some are soluble in water while others are also soluble in non-polar organic solvents and they do not conduct electricity when molten. They can either be a liquid or gas at room temperature because they have small molecules and the attraction of forces between them are weak. They have low melting and boiling temperatures because of the weakness of intermolecular forces. Some dissolve in water while others dissolve in non-polar organic solvents because the non-polar molecular substances dissolve in non-polar solvents while polar substances dissolve in both types of solvents. They do not conduct electricity when molten due to the fact that they don’t have ions. Ionic Bonding An ionic bond is a type of chemical bonding which involves a metal and non-metal ion. This bond is formed by two oppositely charged ions. Examples of some ionic bonds are sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium oxide and potassium fluoride. pic] Picture 02: Diagram showing the formation of magnesium chloride In picture 2 it shows that the 2 valence electrons from the magnesium atom entered the chlorine atom. The properties of the compounds formed by ionic bonding are they all form crystals, they tend to have high melting and heats of fusion, they are very hard and brittle, they conduct electricity well when they dissolve in water or molten, they d on’t conduct electricity in the solid state, most dissolve easily in water and they react readily with each other in solutions. Dative(co-ordinate) Covalent BondingA dative (co-ordinate) covalent bond is a bond where one atom provides both of the electrons. This kind of bond is represented by an arrow starting from the donor towards the acceptor atom. Examples of dative (co-ordinate) covalent bonds are sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide and ammonia boron tri fluoride. Dative (co-ordinate) covalent) bonds will experience some of the same properties and observations as covalent bonds. Metallic Bonding When an atom undergoes the strong electrostatic force of attraction between stationary positive ions and mobile electrons it is called metallic bonding. pic] Picture 03: Diagram showing an electron sea model Examples of metallic bonds are copper, zinc, sodium, lithium and cobalt. The properties of compounds formed from metallic bonding are that they tend to have high boiling and melting points, they are good conductors of electricity, they are good conductors of heat, they are malleable and ductile, they are shi ny when clean and the hardness of the metal depends grain boundaries. They have high boiling and melting points because of the strength of the metallic bond. The strength of the bond depends on the type of metal it is.They are good conductors of electricity because of the mobile electrons. They are good conductors of heat because the end of the rod which is hotter will have more kinetic energy than the cooler end and since the particles are packed closely together they energy will be passed on by collisions. They are malleable and ductile because when the metal is beaten the layers lap each other . The layers can move relatively to one another without losing cohesion because of the free electrons. They are shiny because they reflect light of all wave lengths and they are usually solid and hard because they contain strong electrostatic bonding. Ionic Crystals An ionic crystal is a crystal in which the lattice-site occupants are charged ions held together primarily by their electrostatic interaction. They have at least two atoms in their base which are ionized. It has a neutral charge and so we always need ions with opposing charge. Ionic crystals can be described as an ensemble of hard spheres which try to occupy a minimum volume while minimizing electrostatic energy at the same time. In an ionic crystal there are no free electrons since they are insulators. A crystal in which the lattice-site occupants are charged ions held together primarily by their electrostatic interaction.E. g. 1 Sodium chloride -Each atom has six nearest neighbours, with octahedral geometry. This arrangement is known as cubic close packed Light blue = Na+ Dark green = Cl- Picture 02: Diagram showing arrangement of sodium chloride. E. g. 2 Cesium chloride- This has a two atom basis, where both atoms have eightfold coordination The chloride atoms lie upon the lattice points at the edges of the cube, while the caesium atoms lie in the holes in the centre of the cubes. Light green = Cs+ Dark yellow = Cl- Picture 03: Diagram showing arrangement of cesium chloride. Simple Covalent molecules The simplest molecules are formed from two atoms.At a simple level a lot of importance is attached to the electronic structures. Small covalent molecules are often volatile liquids with low boiling points, can be easily vaporised, or have low melting point solids. Most small molecules will dissolve in some solvent to form a solution. Eg. 1 Chlorine- Two chlorine atoms could both achieve stable structures by sharing their single unpaired electron Picture 04: Diagram showing arrangement of chloride. E. g. 2 Hydrogen- The covalent bond holds the two atoms together because the pair of electrons is attracted to both nuclei. Picture 05: Diagram showing arrangement of ydrogen. Simple Molecular crystals Simple Molecular crystal consist of a three dimensional array of discrete molecules held together by weak Van der Waals forces this is why intermolecular forces in such solids are weak; they have lower melting and boiling points. Simple molecular crystals are not good conductors of electricity; they are in neither in a solid or molten state or in solution. This is because of lack of electrons or ions in these solids. E. g. 1Iodine- the three axes of the unit cell are all at right angles to each other and all of different length. Picture 06: Diagram showing arrangement of odine. E. g. 2 In each ice molecule, hydrogen is bonded to 4 other molecules. Picture 07: Diagram showing arrangement of ice. Giant Molecular crystals A giant molecular crystal is a crystalline solid in which the atoms are all linked together by covalent bonds. The crystal is a large molecule which accounts for the hardness and high melting point of substances as well as high heats of fusion and vaporisation. They are usually insoluble in polar and non-polar solvents. E. g. 1 Silicon Dioxide- Each silicon atom is bridged to its neighbours by an oxygen atom. Picture 08: Diagram showing the giant covalent tructure of silicon dioxide. E. g. 2 Graphite- Allotropy Allotropy is the existence of an element in two or more forms, known as allotropes in the same solid, liquid, or gas. In each allotrope, the elements atoms are bonded together in a different manner. The physical properties may differ widely but they are chemically identical. These allotropes are particularly prevalent in groups 14, 15, and 16 of the periodic table. E. g. 1Comparison of diamond and graphite- Diamonds and graphite are two crystalline allotropes of carbon. They are both covalent crystals but they differ considerably in their properties.The atoms in diamond are bonded to four others while the atoms in graphite are arranged in flat six-membered rings. Picture 09: Diagram showing the comparison of diamond and graphite structures. Polar Covalent Compounds Polar covalent compounds are when the shared electron moves towards the atom with greater mass. The Atom towards which the electron pair shift gets a slight negative charge while the other atom has slight positive charge. The polar covalent molecule has two centres of charge known as â€Å"dipole†. There is great difference in the electro negativity of the atoms. E. g.Ammonia- The ammonia molecule has a pyramidal shape which has a central nitrogen atom that has five outer electrons with an additional electron from each hydrogen. Picture 10: Diagram showing the structure of ammonia. Sodium Chloride As shown in the photograph you can see that a crystal of salt has a regular shape, this is because the structure of sodium chloride is regular and has a repeating arrangement of ions. Sodium Chloride has high melting and boiling points. A large amount of energy is required to break the crystal lattice, because the ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.Sodium Chloride is soluble in water and other polar solvents since they have high dielectric constants; this is because they have larger electrostatic interactions between polar solvents and ions. However sodium chloride is insoluble in non-polar solvents. In solution or in their molten states, ions become free to move. On applying an electric field, the ions get drifted towards their respective electrodes. Therefore, sodium chloride is a good conductor of electricity in these states. However, it does not conduct in their solid state because of strong electrostatic forces between the ions, which does not make them mobile.Salt split up into oppositely charged ions when dissolved in water. Iodine Iodine is the most electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form compounds with many elements. Iodine can easily sublime on heating to give a purple vapour. It is dissolvable in some solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and it is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine normally exists as a diatomic molecule with an I-I bond length of 270 pm, one of the longest single bonds known. The I2 molecules tend to interact via van der Waals forces, and this interaction is responsible for the higher melting point. The I-I bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 36 kcal/mol. Diamond Diamond is the hardest natural material. It is also the least compressible and stiffest substance. It is an exceptional thermal conductor and has an extremely low thermal expansion. Diamond has a high melting and boiling point and has a high heats of fusion and vaporisation. Diamonds are not conductors of electricity. They are insoluble in water and organic solvents. There are no possible attractions which could occur between solvent molecules and carbon atoms which could outweigh the attractions between the covalently bound carbon atoms.Graphite Graphite is a dark grey crystalline. In graphite each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three carbon atoms to give trigonal geometry. Bond angle in graphite is 120oC. Three out of four valence electrons of each carbon atom are used in bond formation with three other carbon atoms while the fourth electron is free to move. The layers in graphite can slide over one another and so is very soft and is used as lubricant. Graphite ions are conductors of electricity due to the infinite electron delocalization within the carbon layers but the electricity is only conducted within the plane of the layers. It is used as moderator in nuclear reactors. Due to high melting it is used to prepare crucible for making high grade steel. Conclusion In conclusion we learnt about the types of chemical bonds, their properties and why these properties were observed. We learnt what is a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a dative(co-ordinate)covalent bond and a metallic bond. We also learnt the definitions of ionic crystals, simple covalent molecules, simple molecular crystals, giant molecular crystals, allotropy and polar covalent compounds.

The Parthenon Essays - Acropolis Of Athens, Parthenon,

The Parthenon The Parthenon Greek culture blossomed after the Persian Wars. General Pericles around the 450's BC led the reconstruction of Athens; which became the most beautiful city in all of Greece. Pericle's greatest structure built under his command was the Parthenon. The Parthenon was a temple built for the patron goddess Athena (goddess of wisdom and art). Construction started 447 BC and continued until 432 BC. The structure is located in Athens Greece, on the acropolis. The architects Ictinus and Callicrates designed the building. The Athenians wanted to achieve the appearance of perfection on the Parthenon. They did this by widening the columns at the center, making them appear strait when viewed from a distance; the steps leading to the Parthenon were lowered in the center giving the impression that they were strait from either side(Farah,116). Phidias was the artist that sculpted the art for the Parthenon. He himself did not sculpt everything but advised the other sculptors. The temple was 102 by 226 feet, rising 60 feet of the ground. It included two rooms, the ?naos? the larger of the two is where a 42 foot tall sculpture of Athenia was located. The smaller room ?opisthodomos? was used as a treasury(Web). Pattern of 8 by 17 Doric fluted columns surround the structure. (Parthenon floor plan) The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple, which means that it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps on all sides. Pentelic marble was used as the building material, which came from Mount Pentelicus 11 miles from Athens. The pentelic marble had shots of iron. This gave it a luminescent look when viewed on sunny a day. Lintels, horizontal supporting beams that span between columns were tied by bow-tie shaped iron clamps to secure them. Sculptures once decorated the pediments of the building. The eastern pediment depicted the birth of Athena and western pediment showed the battle between Athena and the sea god Poseidon for the control of Athens(Scully,65/Web). In 1687 the pediment sculptures were smashed. This was done by Venetian Admiral Morosini. Morosini was trying to lower the pediment sculptures(Scully,90). . The metopes of the Parthenon all represent the struggle between order and chaos. The east metope depicts battle between the gods and giants(Wed). The west metope reveals the mystical battle against the Amazons(Web). The south metope, the battle between the lapiths and the centaurs(Web). Last on the north metope, Greeks versus Trojans(Wed). In addition there was a decorated band called a frieze that went all the way around the cella (central enclosed space). The frieze showed people of Athens: officials, priests, maidens, and young men on horse back celebrating Athena's birthday(Web). The statue of Athena in the naos was 42 feet tall and was constructed of gold and ivory. The flesh was ivory and the drapery gold (the drapery was made removable incase of emergencies). (model) The Parthenon was used as a Christian church at about 500 AD. The Parthenon was also used as a mosque when Turkish Muslim forces captured the city in the mid-1400s. The battered structure and columns of the Parthenon are from the explosion of gunpowder. The Turks stored the gunpowder there, and in 1687 a Venetian cannon shattered the building. The Parthenon was a beautiful structure when completed. It is probably one of the best examples of classical architecture. Most of the remaining art was removed and placed in the Acropolis Museum in Athens and the British Museum in London(Web). Now, what is left of the Parthenon sits in ruins for the tourist and citizens to be admired; the great accomplishments and sorrows of man's past.